How do I handle healthcare and insurance as an expat in the Netherlands?

Healthcare and insurance are among the first practical matters every expat must address when relocating to the Netherlands. The Dutch healthcare system is known for its high quality and accessibility, but it operates differently from many other countries. Understanding how health insurance works, what your obligations are, and how to navigate the system can save you time, money, and stress during your transition.

Whether you are moving for work, joining family, or planning an extended stay, knowing the basics of Dutch healthcare will help you settle in with confidence. From registering with a GP to choosing the right insurance policy, this guide covers everything you need to know to stay healthy and compliant in the Netherlands.

Understanding the Dutch healthcare system

The Netherlands has a universal healthcare system that is privately managed but government-regulated. All residents are required by law to have basic health insurance from a Dutch insurance provider. The system is based on mandatory private insurance rather than a public national health service, which means you choose and pay for your own policy.

Healthcare is divided into three compartments: basic insurance (basisverzekering), supplementary insurance (aanvullende verzekering), and long-term care insurance (Wet langdurige zorg, or WLZ). The WLZ is automatically deducted from your salary if you work in the Netherlands, while basic and supplementary insurance are policies you arrange yourself.

Who must have Dutch health insurance?

If you live or work in the Netherlands, you are legally required to take out Dutch health insurance within four months of registration. This applies to expats on work permits, highly skilled migrants, EU nationals, and anyone residing in the country for an extended period.

There are a few exceptions, such as students under 30 from EU/EEA countries who may use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), and certain posted workers. However, most expats staying longer than a few months will need a Dutch policy to comply with the law and avoid fines.

Choosing a health insurance provider and policy

There are many health insurance providers in the Netherlands, including well-known companies like Zilveren Kruis, CZ, VGZ, and Menzis. All insurers must offer the same basic package, which covers essential care such as GP visits, hospital treatment, maternity care, and some mental health services.

When choosing a provider, consider factors such as monthly premium, deductible (eigen risico), coverage network, customer service in English, and any supplementary packages you may need. Premiums vary by insurer but the basic coverage remains the same, so it often comes down to cost and service quality.

You can compare policies online through independent platforms or consult an insurance advisor who specializes in expat services. Switching insurers is allowed once per year, usually by December 31st for coverage starting January 1st.

Understanding deductibles and out-of-pocket costs

The mandatory deductible, or eigen risico, is the amount you must pay out of pocket each year before your insurance covers certain treatments. In 2025, the compulsory deductible is €385. Some people choose a higher voluntary deductible to lower their monthly premium, but this is optional.

Not all healthcare services count toward the deductible. GP visits, maternity care, and care for children under 18 are exempt. However, specialist visits, hospital stays, and prescriptions typically do count. Keep track of your healthcare expenses throughout the year to know when you have met your deductible.

Registering with a general practitioner (huisarts)

In the Netherlands, your GP (huisarts) is your first point of contact for all non-emergency health concerns. You cannot usually see a specialist or go to a hospital without a referral from your GP, except in emergencies.

Once you have registered with a municipality and have your BSN (citizen service number), you can register with a local GP. Many practices have patient caps, so it is best to register as soon as possible. Some GP offices offer services in English, which can be helpful during your transition.

If you need to see a doctor outside of regular hours, you can contact the GP post (huisartsenpost), a regional out-of-hours service. For true emergencies, call 112.

Supplementary insurance and additional coverage

Basic health insurance covers many services, but there are notable exclusions such as dental care for adults, physiotherapy beyond a limited number of sessions, and alternative therapies. To cover these, you can purchase supplementary insurance (aanvullende verzekering).

Supplementary packages vary widely in price and coverage. Common add-ons include dental care, physiotherapy, glasses and contact lenses, and treatments abroad. Review your personal health needs and budget to decide which, if any, supplementary coverage makes sense for you.

Keep in mind that supplementary insurance often has waiting periods and maximum reimbursement limits, so read the terms carefully before enrolling.

Healthcare allowance (zorgtoeslag) for lower incomes

If your income is below a certain threshold, you may be eligible for healthcare allowance (zorgtoeslag), a government subsidy to help cover your monthly insurance premium. This can significantly reduce your out-of-pocket costs.

Eligibility is based on your income, age, and household composition. You apply through the Belastingdienst (Dutch tax authority) via their website or the Mijn Toeslagen portal. Even if you are unsure whether you qualify, it is worth checking, as many expats are eligible and unaware.

What to do if you need medical care

For non-urgent health issues, contact your GP to schedule an appointment. Many practices offer online booking or phone consultations. Your GP will assess your condition and refer you to a specialist if necessary.

For urgent but non-life-threatening issues outside of GP hours, contact the huisartsenpost. For emergencies such as chest pain, severe injury, or loss of consciousness, call 112 immediately or go to the nearest emergency department (spoedeisende hulp, or SEH).

Pharmacies (apotheek) dispense prescription medications. Your GP will send prescriptions electronically, and you can pick them up at your chosen pharmacy. Over-the-counter medications are also available at drugstores (drogist) for minor ailments.

Transitioning from your home country insurance

If you are moving from another country, check whether your current health insurance provides any temporary coverage in the Netherlands. Some international or travel insurance policies offer short-term protection, but they do not replace the legal requirement for Dutch insurance.

If you are coming from an EU/EEA country, your EHIC may cover you temporarily, but it is not a substitute for mandatory Dutch insurance if you are living and working here. Plan to arrange Dutch coverage as soon as you register with the municipality.

Keep copies of your medical records and any ongoing prescriptions to share with your new GP. This will help ensure continuity of care and make your transition smoother.

Key takeaways

• All residents of the Netherlands must have Dutch basic health insurance within four months of registration.
• You choose your own insurer and policy, with a mandatory deductible of €385 in 2025.
• Register with a local GP (huisarts) as soon as possible; they are your gateway to specialist care.
• Supplementary insurance is optional but covers services like dental care and physiotherapy not included in the basic package.
• If your income is low, apply for healthcare allowance (zorgtoeslag) to reduce your premium costs.
• For emergencies, call 112; for urgent care outside GP hours, contact the huisartsenpost.